The  remainder of  this section  is  a rather  ecclesiastical
discussion concerning  the relation of computer vision and artificial
intelligence; the  lay reader  will not  miss  anything important  by
skipping on to the next section.

	A  favorite pastime  of  technology aficionados  consists  of
defining the  term "artificial intelligence". The founders Minsky and
McCarthy coined  the phrase; critics  such as  Lighthill and  Dreyfus
attack  it;   advocates  Nilsson   and  Fiegenbaum  defend   it;  and
futurologists such  as Herman Kahn, use the term in sentences such as
"True artificial  intelligence will  not appear  until around  2020";
which  would  seem  to  leave  us,  twentieth  century  people,  with
artificial artificial intelligence.

	General vision,   as  oppose to  visual  puzzles, is  not  an
Artificial Intelligence problem in the sense that it does not involve
verbal abstraction,    symbolism,  theorem proving,    game  playing,
planning,   heuristic programming or self  programming.  In fact,   I
feel   that  computer  vision,  like  list  processing  and  symbolic
integration will drop out of Artificial Intelligence.

"The history of progress in the development  of systems for automatic
symbolic   integration  poses  an  interesting   question  about  the
definition of artificial intelligence. Few would argue  that Slagle's
SAINT  program was  a  product of  artificial intelligence  research.
Moses'  SIN program for symbolic integration  seldom needed to resort
to search,  and for  this reason some  people consider  it much  more
powerful (intelligent ?) than  SAINT. Now, Risch (1969) has developed
an  algorithm  for  integrating  many  types  of  expressions.  Risch
considers himself  a  mathematician, not  an artificial  intelligence
researcher.  In your opinion  should Risch's  algorithm be considered
part of the subject matter of artificial intelligence ? If  you would
exclude Risch  from artifial intelligence,  how would you  respond to
the  statement  that  every  artificial  intelligence  program  might
eventually  be dominated  by  a  (more intelligent?)  non  artificial
intelligence algorithm?  If you would  include Risch, would  you also
include the long-division algorithm?"

			- Nils J. Nilsson, problem 4-5;
		Problem-Solving Methods in Artificial Intelligence.

	In answer to Nilsson's  problem,  I would exclude  Risch from
Artificial  Intelligence and  cheerfully look  forward to  the remote
day when all  A.I.  problems are  superceded by specific  programming
techniques.